Sunday, September 20, 2020

Surfing Decade: The 1910's

The period 1910-1919 was the first full decade following Surfing's Resurgence (aka "Surfing's Revival," 1900-1910) at Waikiki, in the first years of the Twentieth Century. In many ways, we know less about the 1910s than we do the first decade of surfing's resurgence because, once the revival was underway, the growth of surfing became less dramatic, albiet more far-reaching. This chapter covers the events and the surfers of that decade.




Originally written in 2005 and available only by purchase, "The 1910s" is 14,784 words long and comprises 42 pages in length (1.81 MB), including several pages of footnotes. It is now a free chapter in the LEGENDARY SURFERS collection, in Portable Document Format (PDF) for easy viewing, printing and sharing. Please click the following link to get it: 


Contents include:

  AUSTRALIA, 1800'S-1903
  1800'S RESTRICTIONS
  FIGHT FOR THE RIGHT TO OCEAN BATHE & SWIM
  WILLIAM HENRY GOCHER, 1903
  AUSTRALIA'S 1880'S BODY SURFING ROOTS
  AUSTRALIAN LIFE SAVING MOVEMENT, 1903-10
  PREDECESSORS OF THE SURF LIFE SAVING CLUBS
  1ST FORMAL LIFESAVING CLUBS
  SURF LIFE SAVING ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA (SLSA)
  NEW ZEALAND, 1910
  WAIKIKI, 1910-1915
  A. R. GURREY'S SURF RIDERS OF HAWAII
  LONDONS NOTE SURFING'S GROWTH, 1915
  SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 1910-1919
  GEORGE FREETH AT REDONDO BEACH, 1909-1915
  GEORGE FREETH IN SAN DIEGO, 1915-1919
  USA EAST COAST, 1912-1919
  AUSTRALIA, 1911-1919
  1ST BOARDS IN AUSTALIA, 1912-14
  DUKE RIDES AUSTRALIA, 1914-1915
  DUKE AS CATALYST TO AUSTRALIAN SURFING
  CLAUDE WEST & DUKE'S SUGAR PINE BOARD
  THE SURF, DECEMBER 1, 1917

Sunday, September 6, 2020

Phil Edwards: The Early Years

Aloha and Welcome to this LEGENDARY SURFERS chapter on Phil Edwards, originally written in 2003. It is drawn primarily from Phil’s autobiography and covers his early years to the time just before he became to be considered the best surfer in the continental United States.


Phil Edwards - Bud Browne classic photo


Contents


Shaping Begun, 1951
“Sylvester The Cat” Board
Killer Dana
Doheny State Park, 1953
North Shore, 1955
“Cat On A Hot Foam Board,” 1959
El Gato
“Surfing Hollow Days”


  


“Waves can’t be the god of the sport; if they were, we would all live in Hawaii. It has got to be getting out in it that counts -- surfing because you love to surf, and getting pumped full of life and whip and snap. I used to ride junk waves all day long, training for the good moments. You do this, and one day you are sitting out there all alone, waiting for a set, and someone will paddle up and ask how the surf is. ‘Man,’ you tell them, ‘you should have been here an hour ago.’“1

“Everyone who surfs must one day go to Hawaii...”2





Phil Edwards was born on June 10, 1938, on the ocean side of Long Beach, California.3 Even before the age of nine, he was floating around in the still waters of Long Beach lagoons on a paddleboard.

In 1947,4 when he was nine, his family moved closer to Oceanside “and that did it,” wrote Edwards. “There were no more still lagoons... But there was the restless, prowling ocean and the beach. And about the time we moved into our house I moved down to the beach.

“There were three lifeguards who had fine rescue boards -- big, 14-foot things with two-inch skegs (fins) under them. There weren’t all that many people who needed rescuing, and the guards had taken to paddling around on their boards, then swinging around and riding waves back in.

“They didn’t encourage me. But the sight of them set me on fire, as the sight of surfers did at Long Beach, and I went home and came back, dragging my paddleboard in a staggering, waving tail through the sand, my pride and joy, and I wrestled it into the water.

“In the next few minutes a surfer was made, not born. I didn’t know anything about surfing, but I could paddle that old board to beat hell. I went churning out into the surf, bouncing over the waves, until I could turn around and catch one. With the guards watching me (I suspect ready to come rescue me), I got the thing turned around and sat there until a fat, rolling wave tilted the back end of it up into the air. Then I jumped up and stood on it, scared to death and singing inside -- and rode the board all the way in to the beach. I was plugged in... Do not misunderstand. I was not yet a surfer. I fought, and swam, I paddled, fell down, drowned a little, tipped over, got thrown off, drowned a little more, paddled and worked for another two years before I ever caught another wave.”5

Phil Edwards’ paddleboard surfing occurred at a time when he was battling rheumatic fever.6 

“Finally, the old paddleboard had to go,” wrote Edwards. “I set it aside in the family garage, and got a new, 14-foot board with a small skeg on it... It was a monster; to get it to the beach, I would start from my house early and roll it end over end across the sand... Whenever there was a new lifeguard on duty, he would say, ‘Hey, look at that little old kid trying to get his board into the water. I’ll go over and give him a hand.’ He could have picked the board up under one arm and walked into the water with it. But the other guards would say, ‘No, you don’t. That’s Edwards -- I know that kid -- and if he wants to surf badly enough, he’ll get his own damn board into the water or he won’t surf.’

“I wanted to badly enough. And what’s more, I was starting to catch waves.”7

Edwards recalled when he first saw a balsa/redwood board. “Two of the lifeguards turned up one day with new, balsa-wood boards, laminated with redwood. We spent a lot of time just standing around looking at them. They were works of art. A surfboard is free-form sculpture, anyway, as you know. Its very form flows fluidly. These boards were 12-footers and each weighed about 85 pounds. Heavy, but about 25 pounds lighter than the others.

“Those boards became all. I was allowed to try them out... Finally, after I could stand it no longer -- and I could get the money -- I bought one of my own. It cost me $15; it was 11 feet long, it was my first solid board... the boards had no rocker effect. They were straight... no lift on the nose.”8


Shaping Begun, 1951


In 1951, Phil Edwards was 13 years old, and already shaping his own boards. “Give a small surfer a solid board that is too big for him, hand him a saw and a drawknife, and -- zap! -- you’ve got another surfboard designer,” Edwards later wrote, adding, “The idea is to come up with the correct shape and still keep all your fingers and toes.”9

The first thing Edwards had attempted with an 11-foot redwood and balsa wood board he bought was to try it out. He didn’t like its tendency to pearl. So, “Second thing I did with my 11-foot board was to saw it down to 9 feet,” recalled Edwards. “I put a point of sorts on the tip of it. Then I sat down on the Oceanside beach, put it across my lap -- and we spent the winter that way, the board and I.

“Each day, before and after school, I struggled over that board, pulling a drawknife toward me, shaving it down, while everybody groaned and looked the other way. A drawknife is a dandy tool for disemboweling yourself -- sort of instant hara-kiri -- but we both survived.

“Several months and 35 pounds of shavings later, I had it: a whole new shape, finely tapered toward the nose and tail, a mean-looking board I could ride. The thing just lay there and glistened: It carried nine coats of 87 Spar Varnish and a shape called Early Edwards. It was still too heavy -- I could lean it against the lifeguard tower and know that the wind wouldn’t blow it over -- but it was ready.

“Not that the Model A Edwards No. 1 was perfect. In fact, the thing still dived to the bottom, taking me with it, and it still shot into the air in a fine, knifelike deadliness. And, worse, it introduced a new problem.

“Working in early-balsa meant that nose blocks on the boards were deeply doweled and glued into place. Which was fine, if you intended to use the board for a coffee table or something non-combative like that. It was decidedly not fine for surfing.

“The boards would pearl to the bottom, slam into the sand, and come up without noses. In those early years in California on a clear day you could hear surfboard noses snapping off all up and down the coast. Which meant that every day of surfing was followed by a long afternoon and evening of re-doweling and re-gluing nose pieces -- so that we could surf the next day. So that we could re-glue the next night, so we could surf the next day, you know?

“Still, balsa had its advantages,” admitted Edwards. “The wood is nicely soft, and after weeks of paddling the board, the deck conformed into fine, molded kneeholes which made it comfortable.
“The Crisis-Every-Day life -- I hated it at the time -- taught me a number of things. Most importantly, it taught me how to use tools, and, in its own way, it taught me how to surf.

“I have a theory about this... It is, simply stated: If you start from scratch, cut down a tree, design, carve, shape and build a surfboard; by the time you are done with it, you will know how to ride it.”10
The young gremmie got known for his efforts on his own board. As Edwards tells it, “word began to get around. Edwards is hooked on surfboards. If your board is too big -- take it over to Edwards’ garage. He’ll fix it. Fix it: I probably screwed up more surfboards in those early days than anybody else. Our garage became a graveyard of old surfboard noses, kids kept coming around and I kept working over their boards; they were happy and I was learning more about the game. And I kept going back to my own, hacked-off board and looking at the thing. It wasn’t right, somehow.

“So I made a balsa-wood sandwich out of it. That is: I glued more wood on top of the nose and reshaped the whole thing. It began to have lift.

“Meanwhile, back in the surf, we had spread out as far afield as San Onofre and Huntington Cliffs.”11

A momentous day came when Phil Edwards discovered the curl of a wave. “One day -- by accident -- I got caught in a curl,” Edwards wrote. “There should be a certain amount of tympani and crashing background music here because, in a way, this is what surfing is all about... I was scared to death. Here, the whole object of surfing was to stand nicely erect and make it all the way into the beach. And here I was, crouched in some crazy, unconventional posture on this rebuilt board, flying along while the wave broke across my back and shoulders, in a sort of delicate, hanging balance between two worlds.

“Understand, we knew nothing of trimming boards. That is, you stood on the board where you got up, or occasionally moved to the fantail to get the nose up. Anything else was nonsense. Still, in the curl, I had automatically trimmed the board into the wave until it was zinging along on the rail -- and dropped into a crouch, not in any premonition of style but to keep on top of the thing as long as I could.

“Surfing history had just come full circle. That is, the Hawaiians had discovered and done this sort of thing more than a thousand years ago; they had done it better and in bigger surf. But none of the Hawaiians had left written instructions on how all this was to be done. We had just rediscovered it ourselves.”12

The event changed Edwards’ life and was soon to elevate him in surfing circles as a young surf stylist to watch. “A couple of minutes in the curl changed my life,” agreed Edwards. “I spent the next few days trying to beat the break.”13


“Sylvester The Cat” Board


Edwards knew his Model A board was too limited. So, he painted the family kitchen and clunked-down $30, buying a Joe Quigg balsa board from Bev Morgan. Quigg built this board in 1950. It was an ultra light 8-foot long board that first went to Greg Noll, who was still a paperboy at that time. Noll had put a drawing of the then-popular cartoon character Sylvester the Cat on the nose of the board. Noll later traded this board to Bev Morgan.14 With this same board, Edwards received “one quick” surf “lesson that was to make everything fall into place.

“‘Your stance,’ growled Morgan, ‘is all wrong. Now. Let me see you stand here the way you do when you’re surfing.’ So I did,” retold Edwards, “striking my very best surfing pose. Morgan put the flat of his hand against my chest and pushed me over. ‘Now, then,’ he said, ‘get up and stand like you’re about to box me. Take a fighting stance.’

“I did... and Morgan pushed me again. I didn’t fall down. ‘See?’ he said. ‘It’s as easy as that.’

“The Quigg board was all balsa covered with fiberglass and had a skeg. It was called a chip. That’s too technical. Actually, it was called a Catboard. It had a picture of Sylvester the Cat on it.

“The Catboard and I covered California. My seventh-grade teacher, Jim Trueax, was an after-hours surfer, and he began taking us on trips up and down the coast. We ranged as far as 100 miles -- north to Malibu...”15

Edwards practiced Hanging Ten and, although he rather egotistically and erroneously gives himself credit as “the guy who invented angling off a wave,” it’s true he popularized the maneuver when many surfers were still riding straight into the beach. “And for a long time, until they tried it themselves, the old surfers would look at this in scorn and say, ‘Edwards, you’re supposed to ride the wave straight in. What are you, a chicken?’“16

Occasionally, he would be noticed even at age 13-going-on-14. “Were they impressed?” Edwards rhetorically asked about older surfers viewing him on his Quigg Sylvester the Cat board. “They were impressed with the fact that I was completely nuts,” Edwards added. Yet, Edwards wanted to be good and recognized as such. He noticed, “more and more, other kids and a few grownups would stand around and watch. And, naturally, they would point out that one surfer was better than another. I was puzzled by the whole thing. But it was the ruin of me. I wanted to be the guy pointed out as the best. The seed of ego had been planted. I wasn’t the best. Not by anybody’s standards.

“But I sure as hell wanted to be.”17

By summer 1951, Phil Edwards was, as Nat Young put it, “chasing surf all over the Californian coast, from Rincon in the north, where he had to wear a woolen neck-to-knee to keep out the cold during winter, to Malibu and his home breaks of Oceanside and San Onofre during summer.”18

Edwards would, later in the decade, help usher in “the more functional style of surfboard riding with smoother, more graceful movements.”19


Killer Dana


“The crash of big water makes a barrier every surfer must get over,” wrote Edwards. “It makes its awful sound inside your stomach; you hear it, not with your ears but with everything, it just comes pounding into you.

“Every finished surfer must go through this... It is part of the thing; surfing has its scary moments, stirred in with its moments of giant elation. In a way, that’s what it is all about.

“Surfing, when the water is right, is not all that tough. But it can be full of surprises... At Oceanside... I can remember riding along on days when the surf suddenly came up strong and the sea began to take on big, mean, savage proportions. Instead of riding in -- knowing it meant a wipeout -- I would swing around and paddle out, beyond the crashing surf line, and sit there, waiting for calm. Often, it would never come.

“I would cry. I would sit there, half-frozen with fear, and stare back into shore where the waves were humped up with foam hissing along their tops. And after a while one of the lifeguards would notice me. He would slip on swim fins, plunge into the surf and swim out to get me. This is one of the tough parts of being a kid -- being rescued on your own beach, in your own surf... by 1953 I was over the Oceanside barrier.

“There were others... we liked San Onofre, too. And slowly we got better. It was -- though we didn’t know it -- a buildup for Killer Dana.”20

“During a big swell in the summer of 1953, when everyone in the area was out at Salt Creek, Edwards and a local surfer named Key Hole impressed people on the beach,” wrote Nat Young. “As the swell grew in size, some of the crew, including Edwards, went down to Dana Point. This was Phil Edwards’ first attack on Killer Dana. Jim ‘Burrhead’ Drever took Edwards out with him and kept an eye on him. As the story goes, they took off on a wave together. Burrhead yelled, “Head for the green!“ when Edwards cut back toward the curl. Edwards “just cut back, flipped another turn, ran to the nose, and caught up with the astonished Burrhead,” wrote Nat Young, for whom Phil Edwards was a hero. “The word soon spread and Phil Edwards was the new standard to judge by.”21

“The old-timers,” explained Edwards, “men of considerable kidney riding their monster, heavy, fat boards, were convinced the lightweight balsa boards would never make the big surf.

“‘That stuff,’ they would say, ‘will chew you up and spit you out. It’ll kill you, that’s what it will do.’

“At first I thought maybe they were right about it. The waves come fast into Dana Point,” wrote Edwards of a classic break that exists no more, “piling high; they hit the beach and come surging back out again, creating a reverse riptide effect. The first time I tried it -- on Sylvester -- it killed me... Next time, I remembered the part about flexing my legs; riding the wave straight down, then turning and driving its knifelike rail into the wave. And suddenly we were able to do anything we wanted. But Dana’s biggest test was yet to come.”22

Although Dana Point bit the dust when the Army Corps of Engineers built the Dana Point harbor, it used to be a primo spot where big waves could be had. “Any time the surf breaks about 15 feet along California it is a killer surf,” continued Edwards. “At Dana Point... when it came up that high, crowds of people from Dana Point and Capistrano Beach would come down. The word gets around on a sort of magic telegraph at such times, and they would line the high, rocky shoreline and watch it.

“And the pioneer, big-board surfers, the bold men of those years, would ride it. ‘They’re riding Killer Dana,’ everyone would shout, and people would close their stores or run out of their houses to come down and watch. Surfers were crazy, they all knew. But they put on a hell of a show.

“And, suddenly, there I was, in the 15-foot surf of Killer Dana, too young to ride it and too old to cry any more. Around me, the old-timers were paddling into it, swinging around and riding it straight down and then straight in. Occasionally a board would pearl high into the air, spinning end over end, drops of water flying off the thing, and a sort of sigh would come up from the people lining the cliffs.

“In moments like these you know there is a surfer -- another human -- encapsuled somewhere inside that savagely curling wave, someone being spun around inside a world that is neither sea nor air, and you wait in an agony for him to show up somewhere. It is a natural tendency to hold your breath in such instances, watching this. You stand there involuntarily not breathing, with your lungs bursting and your eyes sweeping the stretch of water, looking for some sign of life. Often the lost board will hiss along on its own, kicking up fine mists of spray and drive itself into the beach. Or -- at Dana Point -- it could smash dizzily into the rocks on the left side of the cove and snap in half -- a sight that makes you wince automatically because you know that somewhere being hammered along by that same powerful force is a person.

“The impact of surfing on big water is a thing you have to see to feel. In most surfing movies the sheer fright of it is often lost -- because the film will show someone being hurtled off a board and then cut away or dissolve to another scene just as the force of the idea hits you...”23

“On the day of Killer Dana,” Phil Edwards continued, “swimming up the cresting waves and looking into the comb of water hissing along the top, I was aware of all these things. Still, a special kind of mood sets in -- a feeling which forms like a knot on the inside of your stomach. In your mind’s eye you know how the scene must look from the beach. A small figure scratching up the side of a towering wave, making it to the top and going over the other side, paddling for the next one. And suddenly, an insulated, quiet confidence begins to form inside. You know you can do it. It is as if you were, momentarily, standing outside yourself, watching all this, critically, unemotionally, and feeling, vicariously, the terrible, tensed stoked feeling building up in the surfer.

“... in the one moment I looked over my shoulder at the humping-up sea and swung the board around shoreward I knew I was going to catch a 15-foot wave. The rest of it is engraved into my mind like electroplating... it is an unavoidable fact of surfing that the odds are very much against your beating the wave if you take it straight in. Beat it to the bottom, yes, and then you can sail along briefly with the wave behind you. But at the bottom you have lost most of your momentum and the wave hasn’t...

“Halfway down I knew what I had to do. I stepped one foot back and came into the bottom of the wave in a boxing stance; then I threw all my weight backward and did a drop-knee turn. Sylvester and I swung sharply in the direction the wave was breaking and the rail dug in -- and suddenly we were running parallel. I dug the rail in even further and started back up the wave and the people on the beach groaned in unison.

“We went all the way back up to the top in this position, where the curl was coming over... I cut back again, started down again... Suddenly, I was able to cut back and forth along the face of that wave, working it toward the beach -- while the old-timers were taking them straight in.”24


Doheny State Park, 1953


That summer of 1953, “Phil was staying in Doheny State Park,” wrote Nat Young, “surfing Onofre and the surrounding areas, and amazing everyone with his casual footwork. Phil rode with a style that allowed him to strike a pose beyond the necessities of balance, and turned surfing into an art form.”25

“I was so broke you wouldn’t believe it,” recalled Edwards of his days at Doheny State Park. “The forest rangers sort of looked the other way and it was a special time for a kid. By day we surfed; by night -- after everyone had left and gone home -- I would have the park all to myself and wander through it, through an aisle of still-smoldering campfires and half-eaten hot dogs. And I had this girlfriend who would come down on her horse and we would sit there together on the beach and stare out into the black Pacific and dream about the time when we would all be rich and famous... By night -- and by day -- I collected pop bottles and sold them back to stores for two cents each... Still, the rangers had certain rules -- and when I opened a surfboard re-shaping emporium in the park, they had to draw the line. They chased me out. Not all the way out -- but I moved the business under the bridge, where I set up boxes and reshaped boards under there and glued noses back on... and through it all made enough money to get by.”26


North Shore, 1955


Meanwhile, out in the Hawaiian Islands...

“In 1955 the North Shore was semi-pristine,” wrote Fred Van Dyke, who had moved there from Santa Cruz. “Try to imagine having the North Shore practically to yourself. It wasn’t always scary stuff. There were hot, offshore winds, five to ten foot surf days at Haleiwa where only Henry Preece, a local surfer, Buffalo Keaulani, Pat Curren, two or three locals and I rode wave after was alone...

“At that time, many local families lived right on the beach at Haleiwa, now known as the Surf Center; then called ‘Alii Beach‘ (for the noble class of the Hawaiian monarchy). It was a definitely slowed down and relaxing place to camp and surf.

“We stole pineapples from the fields to make an alcoholic beverage called Swipe which knocked you out; speared fish, and shared a lot of ‘Primo‘ beer along with great guitar music. I’ll never forget watching Swipe being made and my friend Buffalo spitting into it, saying that made it ferment more quickly.

“There were three or four wooden framed shacks covered with tarps. It kept the rain out, but not the mosquitos. Our time passed as intended, having fun.”27

In this environment of a still-quiet North Shore, 15-year-old Phil Edwards made his first trip to Hawaii in 1955, focusing on both Makaha and the North Shore.28

“‘Three weeks,’ said my mother, who knew my every mood and could read the glint in my eyes from a block away. ‘If you’re not back in three weeks, I come and get you.’ And she meant it.

“I took the plane,” Edwards recalled. “None of that routine with the nut-brown, doe-eyed girls waiting there at the airport, gently swaying their bronzed hips to steel guitars and hanging orchid leis around everyone’s neck.

“‘How do you find Makaha?’ I asked.

“They know a loser when they see one. I sure as hell did not look like a Shriner. No lei. One of them jerked a thumb.

“‘Other side of the island,’ she said.”29

“In the Islands,” wrote Chris Aherns in Good Things Love Water, Edwards “happened upon a surfer headed for Makaha, and begged a ride from the man whom he recognized as Pat Curren. The man didn’t recognize the kid, but agreed to take him along with him. As they drove, Curren was silent, never initiating conversation, and speaking only to answer Phil’s many questions with a simple yes or no.”30

Curren dropped Edwards off at Makaha, where the he surfed with some of the locals in small waves that grew to head high. Late in the day, “a beaten up ‘36 Ford rolled up with a large stocky man at the wheel, and a passenger hanging half way outside of the car window.

“Makaha was a tightly knit community in those days where everyone knew each other. The sight of any haole, especially a young boy with a surfboard and a suitcase, was so unusual that the men had to pull over to check it out... Phil recognized that it was his old friend, Walter Hoffman. The other man, who was built like a wild animal, was named Buzzy Trent. The boy had heard the lifeguards from home say that he was one of the best big-wave riders in Hawaii, a man who had pioneered big surf at Makaha and on the North Shore.

“Once he realized the boy’s homeless situation, Hoffman picked up the suitcase and threw it into the car. Trent helped the kid put the board into the trunk. On the way home, Trent spoke excitedly about a new swell that was about to hit the island. Then, without warning, Hoffman pulled over to the side of the road and asked the kid to sit in the driver’s seat. ‘Do you know how to drive?’ he asked.

“‘No,’ said Phil.

“‘Well, it’s easy,’ said Hoffman, as he illustrated the use of the clutch, gears and brakes... after a few near misses with palm trees and houses, he knew enough to become a surfer’s chauffeur. He was directed down old dirt roads and up dead-end streets, and then up a winding road, and up over an overgrown path until they arrived at an abandoned army installation, an old semi-cylindrical metal shelter...

“The land near the shelter was completely wild and overgrown. Nailed up near the door were the dried fins of big fish that had been speared and eaten by the men, and cooked over the much-used rock pit near the door. Inside, the place was sparse but roomy. Walter introduced the kid to another man, Leslie Williams.

“That night after a dinner of fish which Buzzy had speared, rice, and sweet pineapples stolen from the fields, the kid lay on an old army cot thinking, ‘In one day I went from having nothing, to having a great place to stay with some great guys.’ He went to sleep smiling.

“The next morning he awoke early with a warm wind that came through the mountains, and whistled through the gaps in the tin roof... The crew were soon up too, and Buzzy spoke in a staccato voice, wringing his hands and saying, ‘Maybe Sunset today. Maybe Sunset today.’“31


“Cat On A Hot Foam Board,” 1959


Phil Edwards once called Bud Browne “the Matthew Jack Brady of surf photography.” By the late 1950s, Bud’s surf films were focusing on the best surfers in the world -- those surfers recognized by their peers as being such. By 1959, Edwards was easily within this pool of surfers. Surfing’s first commercial filmmaker decided to make a film with Edwards as the centerpiece, highlighting the emergence of the foam and fiberglass surfboard on the scene. He called the film Cat On A Hot Foam Board.

The “cat” recalled the making of Bud’s 1959 production: “he had been shooting movie film all up and down the West Coast. And Browne -- like others -- was beginning to get hooked on this surfing-ability kick that would make the movies something different from what they had been up until that time.

“Browne planned an epic to be called Cat on a Hot Foam Board... which was to be the first surf movie whose theme bent around surfing ability.

“By epic, I mean I was actually to get paid for it. My fee: plane fare to Hawaii. (Later, when the movie was exhibited on the great high school tour -- a pubescent Minsky’s Circuit for the underground movies of that day -- I was to collect a little more money from it. Nothing wildly profitable; Browne was kind enough to give me some of the action in a couple of small towns where he showed the film.)

“Still, I was poised for a first starring role in a movie, with Dewey Weber, another surfer, which began to indicate that a life devoted to surfing was not exactly a misspent youth. Remember, youth spent in pool halls can only make a hustler of you. There is no way to hustle anyone on a surfboard. I add that little comment as the underlying moral of this book. You may quote me.

“Hot Foam Surfboard under my arm -- everything I owned in a small suitcase -- I headed for Hawaii. But not by plane.

“I pocketed the money Browne had given me and signed on as a crewman aboard an 83-foot sloop that was to be delivered to Hawaii...

“Seventeen days after we had left California, I met Bud Browne on the dock, surfboard still intact, ready for the movie.

“It turned out to be a good one...”32

“In the Fall of 1958,” Bud recalled, “I met with Hobie and some others at Hobie’s shop and talked about filmmaking and different surfers. From that meeting came the idea of Phil Edwards, L.J. Richards, Hevs McClelland and I spending a month in Hawaii doing a movie.

“I went over first, bought an old blue Buick for $50.00 and for $90.00 rented a house close to Sunset Beach. Hevs and L.J. arrived later and Phil came over on a sailboat. Dewey Weber was there too.

“Each morning we’d go out looking for good surf. Phil and L.J. surfed and I filmed. Hevs surfed some, but he had a natural comic talent and he appeared in humorous sequences in several of my films. That’s about it, it just happened.”33

“When Bud Browne made a movie,” wrote a later surf champ, Mike Doyle, “instead of just showing a whole bunch of guys out surfing, he would pick a couple of surfers he thought were hot, and he’d build the whole movie around them. It made a nice story, with real characters that people could relate to. And instead of just showing all surf shots, Bud liked to record the day-to-day lives of surfers living on the North Shore -- the house, the cars, going to town for groceries, and so on. One time he took a group of us up to Waimea Falls, where he filmed us jumping from the cliffs to the water eighty feet below; [and at the Pali] we’d lean off the cliff and let the wind blow us back. And another time he filmed us sacrificing old cars and old surfboards to the surf gods, a ritual surfers still practice.”34


El Gato


After Cat On A Hot Foam Board and time spent going to college, Phil Edwards went to Joe Quigg for a job.

“When I got hungry again... I went to Joe Quigg, who had a surfboard shop in Newport Beach, and who was one of the fathers of the lightweight board. But more, Quigg also knew about boat-building, its technical and historical aspects. He was somebody special.

“... I moved into the loft of his shop,” wrote Edwards, repeating a pattern he had begun working with Hobie.

“Quigg made a boat that taught me a great deal,” continued Edwards, writing in 1967. “Further, he influenced all my present feelings about surfboards as well. As a bonus, I was making enough money to live on, say $25 a day -- working only a couple of days a week and surfing and standing around looking at boats the rest of the time.”35

“El Gato was born in 1960 and 1961... It was so knifelike, so poised, sleek and deadly you wouldn’t believe it: 20 feet long.

“El Gato was the forerunner of the Challenge (C) class and two years in a row it finished fourth in the Encinada race -- against other boats up to 80 feet. But the results were all unofficial. The committee always legislated it officially out of the race. Nonetheless, class-less or not, El Gato really flew.”36
The year the catamaran came in fourth in a sea of 500, Edwards crewed with a group that included the vessel’s owner, surfboard maker Don Hansen, Wayne Shafer, George Draper, Paul Allen and Edward’s future wife Heidi.37


“Surfing Hollow Days”


“While all this was going on,” wrote Edwards of his El Gato participation, “... came the big turning point in my professional life.

“On one of the Gato trips, filmmaker Bruce Brown turned up in Acapulco, cameras loaded -- and I signed on to surf for him...

“On the trail of Surfing Hollow Days, we went first to Hawaii and the action on the giant water; then to Australia and Tahiti and New Zealand and home by way of Hawaii revisited.

“It was on this trip I encountered the Banzai Pipeline... the one episode that was to leave me forever pumped.

“Hollow Days had the briefest sketching of a plot... It was the story of a surfing trip around the world... Brown later proved that nothing more complicated is needed when he turned out his fabulously successful The Endless Summer. Some plot with one twist: a trip around the world in search of a perfect wave.”38

“The key thing that Hollow Days did ,” continued Edwards, “was to give me -- for the first time -- some commercial value as a surfer. It cleared up a thing that I had been feeling slightly uneasy about -- that a life of surfing can’t be all bad and that there may be some final payoff for those endless cold days as a kid, surfing while others played, being scrubbed off those endless waves, learning how to surf.

“For one thing, I began to take on some promotional value to Hobie, who was still pioneering like mad and still leading the surfboard world in ideas. It was Hobie’s idea to start producing a Phil Edwards signature model board -- designed to exact order, custom made unflexible flyers -- an idea now copied by every boardmaker in the world.”39

“When Surfing Hollow Days was making the rounds,” Edwards went on, “the effect of it began to come home to me. Other surfers had begun to say, ‘Hi, Edwards,’ when they saw me. And at first I would say, ‘Who, me?’ It takes a while to get used to that sort of thing. I was being recognized.
“And you learn... To wear a suit, a shirt and tie, shoes and socks... with a social grace. And a certain amount of impetus began to take hold of my life.”40



1  Edwards, Phil (1938- ). You Should Have Been Here an Hour Ago, “The Stoked side of Surfing OR How to Hang Ten Through Life and Stay Happy,” ©1967, b y Robert K. Ottum, Harper and Row. From “Edwards’ First Law of Surfing,” p. 8.
2  Edwards, 1967, p. 65.
3  Edwards, Phil. You Should Have Been Here An Hour Ago: The Stoked Side of Surfing; or, How to Hang Ten Through Life and Stay Happy, ©1967, by Phil Edwards with Bob Ottum, Harper and Row, New York, p. 21.
4  Young, Nat. The History of Surfing, ©1983, 1987, Palm Beach Press, NSW, Australia, p. 77, and Edwards, 1967, p. 21.
5  Edwards, 1967, pp. 23-24.
6  Edwards, 1967, p. 24. He says “rheumatic fever. Or tuberculosis, or something.”
7  Edwards, 1967, pp. 24-25.
8  Edwards, 1967, pp. 25-26.
9  Edwards, 1967, p. 31.
10  Edwards, 1967, pp. 31-32.
11  Edwards, 1967, pp. 32-33.
12  Edwards, 1967, p. 33.
13  Edwards, 1967, p. 33.
14  Stecyk, C.R. “Humaliwu,” The Surfer’s Journal, ©1992, Volume 1, Number 3, p. 52. See photos of Bev Morgan riding the Sylvester the Cat board and Morgan and Noll on the beach with the board, Noll’s eye swollen from a fight with Bing Copeland the day before (collections of Bev Morgan & Greg Noll).
15  Edwards, 1967, pp. 34-35.
16  Edwards, 1967, p. 30.
17  Edwards, 1967, p. 35.
18  Young, 1983, p. 77.
19  Young, 1983, p. 77.
20  Edwards, 1967, pp. 39-40.
21  Young, 1983, p. 77.
22  Edwards, 1967, pp. 40-41.
23  Edwards, 1967, pp. 41-42.
24  Edwards, 1967, pp. 42-43.
25  Young, 1983, p. 77. Nat erroneously has this in the summer of ‘52. Edwards himself says it was ‘53, so I went with him. See Edwards, 1967, p. 57.
26  Edwards, 1967, pp. 57-58.
27  Van Dyke, Fred. Thirty Years Riding The World’s Biggest Waves, ©1989 by Joseph Grassadonia, Ocean Sports International Publishing Group, Inc., 204 Poo-Poo Place, Kailua, HI 96734, p. 30.
28  See Edwards, 1967, p. 61.
29  Edwards, 1967, p. 62.
30  Ahrens, Chris. Good Things Love Water, A Collection of Surf Stories, ©1994, Chubasco Publishing Company, PO Box 697, Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007. “A Belated Apology,” p. 5. Ahrens has Edwards first trip to O’ahu in 1952, but Edwards wrote that it was 1955. See Edwards, 1967, p. 61.
31  Ahrens, 1994, pp. 6-9.
32  Edwards, 1967, pp. 104-105.
33  McClelland, 1995, p. 45.
34  Doyle, 1993, pp. 75-76. Bud Browne’s note in brackets.
35  Edwards, 1967, p. 111.
36  Edwards, 1967, p. 111.
37  Edwards, 1967, p. 112. See photo same page.
38  Edwards, 1967, p. 113.
39   Edwards, 1967, pp. 113 & 119.
40   Edwards, 1967, p. 119.


Thursday, August 20, 2020

Surfing Year 1959


Aloha and Welcome to this chapter on the surfing world as it was in 1959.

Appreciations to all writers and sources noted in the footnotes.



Media

Walt Phillip's "Sunset Surf Craze", 1959:





Chapter Contents

Australia
Balsa Boards Down Under
JACK "BLUEY" MAYES, NIPPER WILLIAMS & MICK DOOLEY
BOB EVANS 1
BOB COOPER 1 (1960)

Late '50s California Surf Spots
SAN ONOFRE
TRESTLES
COTTON'S
THE RANCH
RINCON
SWAMI'S

Malibu, pre-Gidget
MIKE DOYLE 7
CAL PORTER, MALIBU'S 1ST LIFEGUARD
LANCE CARSON 2
Gidget

Kookdom's Boon, Fall 1959 
GIDGET, June 27,1956
GIDGET, THE BOOK, 1957
SHOOTING THE FILM, 1958-59
GIDGET, THE MOVIE, 1959

Elsewhere in California
BUZZY TRENT 3
RICKY GRIGG 2
VELZY & JACOBS DISSOLVE

The North Shore, 1959
MIKE DOYLE'S 1ST TRIP TO THE NORTH SHORE
BANZAI PIPELINE FIRST RIDDEN (ACCIDENTALLY), SEPTEMBER 1959
QUONSET HUT LIFE
The Older California Guys on the North Shore
PRANKS


Balsa Boards Down Under


              The epicenter of surfboard shaping in Australia between 1956 and 1959 was Brookvale. "At one end of Brookvale," wrote Nat Young, "was Barry Bennett; at the other end, Gordon Woods; and in the middle, Bill Wallace. Bill Clymer was in a garage in Manly where he and Joe Larkin did some beautiful work, using stringers, nose blocks and tail blocks made from cedar and redwood to set off the blond balsa."1
              "Gordon Woods remembers the days of the bad balsa shipments only too well; he made it a rule to always inspect the load on the truck. On one occasion he found it all to be greenish, heavier style. He turned the shipment straight around, realising that one heavy board could ruin his reputation."2
              "In 1959 more than 1500 Malibu balsas were produced in Australia. By now there were other manufacturers in Brookvale. Greg McDonagh was building some light boards with styrofoam and Scott Dillon and Noel Ward were having some success with the same material. Competition between the manufacturers was getting more intense as surfing gained in popularity. Every Saturday morning each manufacturer would set out to deliver his orders to the prospective board riders who waited anxiously at surf clubs all over the Sydney metropolitan area. Surfboard building developed into a lucrative business in which agents could order a quantity of boards for their area and come to Sydney once a week to pick up a truckload. Mark Richards' father, Ray, started in the surfboard business in this manner, taking thousands of boards to Newcastele in the late 50s and early 60s."3


JACK "BLUEY" MAYES, NIPPER WILLIAMS & MICK DOOLEY


              "Jack 'Bluey' Mayes stands out in this period as one of the best early hot doggers," wrote Young. "Bluey grew up in Bondi and had been involved in surfboards right from the 16-foot 'toothpick' days. His style reflected the changing design of his boards and he soon adjusted to the manoeuvereability of the Malibus, or 'Okanui boards' as they were called in those days. On the north side a couple of younger board riders, Nipper Williams and Mick Dooley, were performing well on the new Malibus. As was to be expected, their styles were a bit looser than Bluey's but still a little stiff, especially in the front leg, which was kept bent and in approximately the same place for the entire ride. Mick and Nipper lad learnt to stand up on 'toothpicks,' where keeping the feet close together and concentrating on balance was so important. Like many other surfers of this period they made the transition by tucking the back leg in behind the other to turn. This drop-knee style of turn was a characteristic of all such surfers throughout the late'50s and early '60s. Possibly the early Australian Malibu surfers misinterpreted the poise and grace of Phil Edwards' backside turns which came running across our silver screens in the early days. What was really happening was that the turn was being loaded up with the power of the surfer, who was bending his knees and pushing the board through the turn. It had taken years for Phil and a handful of California surfers to develop this power through their turns, and it was not going to happen overnight in Australia."4


BOB EVANS


              "In 1958 Bud Browne, the American surf-film maker," wrote Nat Young, "heard about what was happening in Australia and filmed the start of the explosion down under. One of the surfers he met was Bob Evans; he and Evans developed a rapport and Bob agreed to show Bud's surf movies in Australia. The movies gave Australians a window on the surfing world overseas and showed them what had been happening just a few months ago in California and Hawaii; soon local riders were making every attempt to emulate the action they saw in the movies."5


BOB COOPER (1960)


              "The film Bud Browne shot in Sydney," continued Young, "was included in his new movie of '59 and it was inevitable that some of the more adventurous American surfers would see it and be turned on to Australia as a new frontier where a pure surfer could stay one jump ahead of the masses. Bob Cooper was virtually the first American surfer to do this. He came in late 1960, just as the lid was about to blow; in fact, just in time to see the premiere of John Severson's latest surf movie at Anzac House. For Cooper it was a flashback to all the very worst things about the surf scene he had just left. It seemed it was almost surfer instinct to go wild over the screaming of surf guitars and the pounding of huge waves at Sunset. As in California, the theatre proprietors and the public could not understand or tolerate this behavior, especially when a glass mural depicting the Anzacs in battle was smashed and seats were ripped out of the auditorium; the surfers were ushered out by numerous police. Many theatres still have closed doors to surfing movies as a legacy of the early 60s' larrikinism."6
              "Some time earlier," continued Young, "Sydney board-builder Barry Bennett had sent a letter to the American manufacturer Dale Velzy asking for information about blowing foam, so Cooper, who blew foam for Velzy, knew there would be a job for him when he arrived in Australia. He stayed a couple of nights with Bennett before settling into the Manly surf scene in a flat with Mick Dooley and Wheels Williams."7



Late '50s California Surf Spots


              Although surfing was heating up in Australia and Hawai`i still defined big wave surfing, surfing's center had moved to Southern California.

SAN ONOFRE


              Once California surfing's epicenter, by the 1950s, San Onofre had become the state's first "classic" spots. "The older guys who had learned to surf in Hawaii," wrote Mike Doyle in his autobiography Morning Glass, "favored San Onofre because they thought it was a lot like Waikiki, with really long rides. Some of the younger surfers, though, didn't care for the wave at San Onofre because it came at you from all directions. I called it billiard surfing because there were so many angles, so many banks. I always thought it was an interesting wave.
              "What I loved most about San Onofre, though, was the creative energy there. The older surfers made tiki huts along the beach out of driftwood and bamboo so they could get out of the sun when they wanted. It was great to park there and lie in the shade of the tiki huts with rows of colorful surfboards lined up against their sides. There were guys living in old panel trucks they'd furnished in Polynesian style, with tapa cloth glued to the ceilings and sea shells glued to the dashboards; even their beer can openers were carved from wood, wrapped with string and varnished. They made their own canvas hats and reinforced them with big brass grommets, then decorated them with bottle caps. Some of the guys stitched big corks to the tops of their hats and wore them surfing; if they fell off their boards, the hats floated. Anything that washed up on the beach would find its way into some kind of sculpture: carved tikis hacked out with an ax, huge seagulls and little windmills made out of driftwood and mounted on long poles. When you were at San Onofre, you felt as if you were part of an ocean culture that had its roots in Polynesia."8

TRESTLES


              By the end of the 1950s, one of the most famous surf spots "in California during that era," wrote Mike Doyle, "was Trestles, on the north end of the Camp Pendleton Marine Base," just north of San Onofre. "They called it Trestles because the train tracks crossed a lagoon there on a wooden trestle. It was a thick, heavy wave, a point break that was great for long boards. The marines, who used that area for amphibious training, tried hard to keep surfers out of Trestles. The penalty for being caught there was a $500 fine, six months in jail, or both; supposedly the FBI kept a list of violators. But no self-respecting surfer let the marines keep him out of Trestles. Great surf spots were gifts of nature, like the Grand Canyon and Yosemite, and as far as we were concerned, the military had no claim to them."9
              Trestles, wrote Nat Young in his History of Surfing, "had two dominant points, named 'Uppers' and 'Lowers,' which not only had good waves but provided surfers with a challenge by forcing them to run the gauntlet of marine guards."10
              "The trick to getting into Trestles," continued Doyle, "was to drive to the bottom of a nearby arroyo, leave your car in the jungle of willows, then sneak down to the beach. If the marines came while you were in the water, you could paddle so far out they couldn't get you, then turn north and paddle to San Clemente State Park, where they didn't have the authority to arrest you. That really infuriated the marines. Several times after I worked that trick on them, they fired their automatic weapons in the water all around me. Sometimes the bullets would hit as close as ten feet away. Other times I would come back to my car and find that they had slashed my tires. It was a real war between surfers and marines, and it went on for years."11
              "One classic story," wrote Nat Young, "is about Jack Haley, who sneaked into Trestles wearing a Napoleonic officer's coat and sabre; the marines drove up with the intention of kicking him out, but Jack challenged them to a duel and they all left laughing. That was in the early days; the officers' patience wore thin as the number of surfers increased, and in the final years of the 1950s they would round up vanloads of surfers and escort them back to the camp gates, taking their names, confiscating their surfboards and sometimes even prosecuting them for trespassing."12
              "For a while," Doyle admitted, "I became obsessed with surfing at Trestles. I loved the wave, but I came to love the thrill of battling the marines even more. I bought an old 1946 Ford woody. The transmission only had two working gears, but I only paid twenty-five dollars for the thing, so I wasn't worried if the marines impounded it. I spray-painted the whole body in pre-hippie flower style and wrote on the side 'Trestle Special.'"13
              "One day," Doyle recalled, "I was surfing at Trestles with Mike McLellan, who was the fullback on the Orange Coast College football team. He probably weighed 220 pounds, and most of it was muscle. Mike was legendary for fighting the marines. As he and I were walking down the trail to the beach, carrying our surfboards under our arms, two marines dressed in jungle fatigues jumped out of the willows beside the trail. They pointed their guns at us, so of course we surrendered. They turned us around and started walking us back up the trail. There was a marine in front, then me, then Mike, and the other marine was bringing up the rear. All of a sudden, Mike jammed the tail of his board into the marine's chest, caved him in, then ran up and clobbered the other marine in the back of the neck with the nose of his surfboard. I was so surprised, I just stood there in shock. But Mike grabbed me, and we started running as fast as we could. I thought for sure the marines were going to fire on us. We knew about some side trails that we hoped the marines didn't know about, so we followed them back to our car, hopped in, and got out of there in a hurry."14
              "One time, though, I did get caught at Trestles," wrote Mike Doyle. "We were sitting on the beach when the marines came out of the willow jungle. I picked up my board and started running for the water, but one marine ran after me and grabbed the back of my board. They caught me and five other guys and marched us back to their van.
              "They drove us to the base headquarters, which is about ten miles inland from the beach, then lined us up against the wall and asked us our names.
              "I said, 'Mike Doyle.'
              "The marine gave me a sarcastic look. 'Right, fella. The last twenty surfers we had in here were either Mickey Doyle or Mike Dora.'
              "I laughed. In a way, I was flattered.
              "None of us had any I.D., so the marines made us sit there for three or four hours worrying about what was going to happen to us; then they took our pictures and let us go. 'Next time we see you at Trestles, you're going to jail,' they said."15
              Nat Young told a similar story. "Around the time when Micky Dora was a surf star, and years after Micky had been the first lifeguard in the area, he was apprehended for being on the base. Back in the sergeant's office he gave his name and watched while the sergeant turned from red to purple, his eyes popping. Reaching up, leaning over the table, grabbing 'The Cat's' shirt, he pulled him closer for direct eye contact and managed to shout at the height of his tantrum that he had had two other Micky Doras that day, ten in the last week and over five hundred in the entire summer. Every surfer who was picked up by the marines was giving his name as either Micky Dora or Phil Edwards!"16

COTTON'S


              "Right next door to Trestles," continued Young, "is Cotton's Point, a tempting surf spot overlooked by the Cotton family's beautiful Spanish-style villa, which was to become the western White House in President Nixon's reign. In the early 1950s the local surfers had developed a method of sneaking into the area by nosing their cars up to the guard chain, pulling on the car emergency brake lightly, jumping out and holding the chain up while the car coasted under; it only remained to drive up the side entrance track and to stow the car in the bush for the 'sneak' to be complete. There was only one guard but he was a fanatic; Mr. Carney, hater of surfers and dedicated to protecting the estate with a shotgun. He fired at surfers many times but nobody, fortunately, was ever hit."17

THE RANCH


              Another surf spot classified as "off limits," was the Hollister Ranch area, north of Santa Barbara, just below Point Conception.
              "During this exploratory period of surfing in California," wrote Nat Young, "surfers discovered many new beaches and point surfs, only to be kicked out by irate ranchers who insisted that the surfers scared their cattle, broke their fences down and caused chaos to normal farm life. The Hollister ranch north of Santa Barbara was one such discovery; John Severson, who had turned his hand to movies as well as magazines [not until 1960], put together a 'surf safari' into this area in 1959. He and his friends were given the boot from Government Point, at the most northern end of the ranch, but they camped at the other end in Gaviota Park instead and next day set off to explore the coast to the north. From the top of one bluff all they could see was perfect point after point stretching off into the distance, with off-shore winds holding up six to eight foot barrels. They had found paradise! Young Mike Doyle was the star of the day. A few other surfers made camping trips to this area in 1959, including James Aurness and his son Rolf. Everywhere you travelled there was a tremendous feeling of openness and adventure; it seemed that around every bend there was a new surfing sport to name and try out."18

RINCON


              Malibu was great in the summer, but the surf doesn't usually break there in the winter -- at least not in the classic Malibu style," wrote Mike Doyle. "It took me a long time to figure that out. On the weekends after school started, I would lash my surfboard to the top of my Messerschmidt, drive up to Malibu and sit there on the windy beach all day long waiting for the waves to appear. They never did.
              "Again, it was Dale Velzy who educated me. He said I ought to go to Rincon, up by Santa Barbara. 'On a north swell, the wave wraps around that point and you can get rides a half-mile long,' he said. 'In the winter, Rincon's the best wave in California.'
              "Velzy was right, and before long Kemp Aaberg, Lance Carson, Johnny Fain, and I were driving up to Rincon almost every weekend. In those days it was nothing to drive 200 miles looking for good surf. Gas was twenty-five cents a gallon, and the highways weren't crowded. We used to drive from L.A. to Santa Barbara and back down to La Jolla, on the old highway, all in one day, just checking out the surf. There were only a few hundred really active surfers on the whole coast, and you knew most of them, so if you passed a car with a surfboard on top, that was a brother. You'd both pull over to the side of the road and exchange information: Where you been? How was the surf? Who'd you see? Who's hot this week? Even if you didn't know them, you'd still pull over and chat, exchange phone numbers, and end up being friends."19

SWAMI'S


              "Another place we loved to surf in the winter was Swami's," wrote Mike Doyle, "down in San Diego County. The place got its name after an Indian spiritual leader, Paramahansa Yogananda, built one of his Self-Realization Fellowship retreats on the cliffs there overlooking the ocean. The place had a pair of big gold domes out in front that fave it a mystical quality.
              "Swami's was a thrill to surf because the swell came out of deep water, then jacked up on a reef 300 yards off the beach. It had a steep drop at the peak and a long, fast shoulder. On a good day, Swami's would get up to twelve feet. It was more of a Hawaiian-type wave than anything I'd surfed before."20
              "The local star at Swami's," Doyle continued, "was a freckle-faced kid named Rusty Miller, from Encinitas. I got to know him some then, and in later years he and I became close friends.
              "In those days we parked our cars on Highway 101, then walked through a big vegetable garden to a rickety old stairway that led down the bluff to the beach. The devotees at the retreat grew their own organic food, and they were always out there working quietly in the garden. To raise money for the retreat, they had a little stand on the highway where they sold mushroom burgers. We used to surf all day, then buy a bag of mushroom burgers for the drive home."21

Malibu, pre-Gidget


              Unbeknownst to the crew at Malibu, their life at the 'Bu was about to be irreversibly changed forever and the whole makeup of surfing around the world transform due to events set in motion on the beach of their favorite point surf.
              The years of 1958-59 was a time when "Hot dogging was in," as Nat Young put it. "Nobody knows how the name arose, but everybody knew what it was; fast, radical manoeuvres (for the time), nose rides, hanging five, hanging ten, stalling, running to the nose, drop-knee cutbacks, head dip, wave scratch, and much else. One of the kings was Dewey Weber, who was into amazing arm gestures as well as having been a member of Groucho Marx's Yo Yo team and in his youth, a model for Buster Brown shoe commercials. Sometimes it was hard to tell the difference in the surf between Weber and Johnny Fain, the 'Malibu Lizard'; they were both about 5'4" in height, with long blong hair and muscular physiques. Johnny was younger and more or less took over Weber's role as the older surfer got into raising a family and developing his surfboard business."22


MIKE DOYLE


              Another surfer showing promise was Mike Doyle, who had risen through the ranks at Malibu. As evidence of this, Doyle tells an interesting story of a point where he realized his progression and to some extent, the end of his innocense:
              "I stopped by the Velzy and Jacobs shop in Venice to order a new board," wrote Doyle. "Watching Phil Edwards had changed my thinking about what kind of equipment I needed, and besides, I'd outgrown my old board. (I was seventeen, but all of a sudden I was six feet tall and still growing.) I told Dale Velzy and Hap Jacobs exactly what kind of board I wanted, and they listened patiently. Then I asked them how much a board like that would cost.
              "Hap Jacobs put his arm around me and said, 'Well, Mike, I'll tell you what. We'll make you whatever kind of board you want, and it'll be from the best balsa we got. But we aren't gonna sell it to you. We're gonna own it. You can ride it all you want. When you decide it's time for a new board, you bring it back to us, and we'll make you another one.'
              "I didn't get it at all. 'Why would you do that?' I asked.
              "'Just trust us, Mike. This is something Dale and I want to do for you.'
              "I still didn't get it. 'That's great! But why?'
              "'Mike,' Velzy said, 'the way we hear it, you're getting to be one of the hottest young riders at Malibu these days. We just like to see the best surfers riding our boards.'
              "I went home ecstatic that night and told my mother I'd won a free surfboard for being such a good surfer. I thought it was like winning a trophy in a contest.
              "You might say that was the end of my innocense. For the next fifteen years, I didn't pay for another piece of surfing equipment and rarely paid for a plane ticket."23
              Another incident helped drive the point home to Doyle:
              "I didn't surf at Manhattan or Hermosa Beach much anymore," admitted Doyle. "There were so many better places to surf, and besides, I had bad memories of the place." Doyle referred to being hassled, when he was younger, by the locals who surfed there. The 22nd Street Gang had put him down on many occasions and even made fun of his embracing Polynesian culture by calling him "Tiki Mike," after the tiki he wore. "And except for Dewey Weber," Doyle continued, "the 22nd Street Gang didn't make it up to n much. We never saw them at Swami's, Rincon, or San Onofre, either. They were all talented surfers, but they were afraid to leave their home turf, where they were unchallenged.
              "But then one day, maybe as an effort to break out of their rut, the whole 22nd Street Gang showed up at Malibu. I could see how nervous they were. Maybe they were afraid they would be treated as badly as they had treated outsiders on their home turf. They just sat on the beach for a while and watched the Malibu regulars surf.
              "I knew they were watching, so I showed off a bit. When I came out of the water, Henry Ford, who had always been their ringleader and mouthpiece, walked over to me and said, 'Are you Tiki Mike, the guy who we used to see down at Hermosa Beach?'
              "I laughed -- nobody had called me Tiki Mike in years. I'd grown at least a foot and gained fifty pounds since the days when they'd made my life so miserable. I didn't look so gangly anymore (some girls were even starting to give the impression they thought I was attractive), and I had the self-confidence of somebody who had found his own place in the world. I said, 'Yeah, I'm Tiki Mike.'
              "Henry got a pained look on his face, then said, 'Jesus, how'd you get to be so good?'
              "I could see now how their tight little clique had retarded their growth. By being so cruel to me, they'd forced me to go out on my own -- they'd shoved me into evolution. 'I don't know, Henry,' I said. 'I've been working on it, I guess.'"24
              "In 1959," Doyle wrote, switching the subject to transportation, "my senior year in high school, my buddy Mike Majek and I started a business shaping balsa wood surfboards in my garage. Our major investment was a power planer. Foam surfboards had just started to come on the market, but their advantages hadn't been fully recognized yet. In fact, some surfers called foam boards 'speedo sponges' or 'flexi-fliers.' So Majek and I stuck with shaping balsa boards. Beginning with a balsa blank, we would plane and sand each board into the shape we wanted, then coat it with fiberglass and resin. We shaped about 150 boards that year and sold them all, which put a little spending money in our pockets and gave us some independence.
              "One weekend, after Majek and I had each saved up a few hundred dollars, we flew up to San Francisco, then took a cab down to Burlingame, just south of the airport. There was a huge storage yard there filled with used ambulances and hearses: big beautiful Cadillacs with powerful V-8 engines and heavyweight suspensions. The mortuaries would buy new cars every year or so, no matter what condition the old ones were in; the cars had been well serviced, and hardly any of them had more than 15,000 miles, since they only went from the mortuary to the graveyard and back. There was almost no market for these cars -- who wanted to own a used death-mobile? -- but they made perfect surf wagons. So for $400 I bought a beautiful 1958 Cadillac with braided curtains and a burgundy velvet interior -- a beautiful piece of metal and chrome. I remember the interior smelled like dried flower petals.
              "Majek bought himself a Cadillac ambulance, and together we cruised down the Coast Highway, through Santa Cruz and Big Sur, in our plush wagons with their big engines purring. We were only eighteen and had our own Cadillacs.
              "As soon as we got home, I had my hearse painted canary yellow, and Mike had his ambulance painted fire-engine red. We liked to cruise side by side down Manchester Boulevard, in Inglewood, Majek in his ambulance and me in my hearse, while all the other cruisers in their lowered La Bamba '54 Oldsmobiles gave us angry stares. What thrilled us most of all, I think, was that we were thumbing our noses at the stifling Fifties mentality and getting away with it. We didn't have to act like square football jocks, and we didn't have to dress like tough cholos anymore. We had our own style now. The creative freedom and exhilaration we'd found in surfing was affecting our whole lives.
              "I loved taking my hearse to the beach. I carried my surfboards and wetsuits on the chrome coffin rack, so when I pushed a button, the whole rack would come sliding out. In midday I could climb in the back of the hearse to get out of the sun, and I slept in it when we went overnight to Rincon or Swami's. The only bad thing about that car was going to pick up a girl for a date. One look at my bed on wheels, and no girl's father would ever let his daughter see me again. So I learned after a while to park around the corner."25
              "As my senior year in high school drew to a close," Mike Doyle wrote, "I had no thought of going to college. My mother didn't encourage me to go -- nobody in her family had ever gone. I was just waiting for high school to end so I could go to Hawaii.
              "On the last day of high school, in June 1959, everybody in my English class had to stand up and talk about what he or she planned to do with the rest of his or her life. One guy described how his dad was going to get him a job selling life insurance. One girl said she was going to marry her boyfriend, the same guy she'd been going with since the ninth grade. Another guy was going to join the army and learn about radio repair.
              "The teacher, Mrs. Tregeagle, was probably congratulating herself on how she'd helped these fine young people achieve adulthood. Meanwhile, all the other kids were listening nervously, trying to come up with stories good enough to outdo their classmates.
              "I was sitting in the back of the class, trying to keep a low profile. But Mrs. Tregeagle eventually called on me. I walked to the front of the class, looked at my classmates, then at the teacher, and said, 'I'm gonna live on the beach at Malibu, and I'm gonna surf every day.'
              "Mrs. Tregeagle was not pleased. 'Now, Michael, you know you can't make a living surfing.'
              "'Well, I've thought about that,' I said. 'I'll collect Coke bottles.'
              "The whole class started giggling, not sure if I was serious. Mrs. Tregeagle gave me her most severe look.
              "'There's two guys down there doing it right now!' I said. 'Tubesteak and Harry Stonelake. They work at it every day, and they get just enough money to eat. It's perfect!'
              "The other kids were really having fun now, watching me make a fool out of myself.
              "Mrs. Tregeagle got up from her desk, walked over to my side, grabbed me by the arm, and dragged me out of the classroom and into the hall. She was furious. 'What do you think you're doing, trying to disrupt my class like that?'
              "I said, 'I didn't do that to disrupt your class. That's really what I'm going to do.'
              "Mrs. Tregeagle looked me directly in the eye and slowly began to realize that I really was serious. She let go of my arm, stepped back, and shook her head with disgust. 'You poor, poor boy,' she said."26


CAL PORTER, MALIBU'S 1ST LIFEGUARD


              As school was ending, summer was starting. Craig Stecyk describes the arrival of Malibu's first paid lifeguard, Cal Porter, on June 11, 1959:27
              "Cal Porter pulls up to Malibu in the county truck to assume his post as the first lifeguard at Malibu. Having surfed for over thirty years, Cal realizes the tremendous changes which have taken place. He is ambivalent over the county's take over of the beach. In fact, Porter quit surfing here back in '48, feeling that it was just too crowded. The irony of a waterman from the solitary redwood era having to deal with legions of post Gidget movie, spasmodic pretenders is acute. Cal does this job by day and returns to his beachfront home in the ancestral heart of Rancho Malibu to surf alone on the private beach each night. Porter's lifestyle pattern becomes the template for the behavior of many future Malibu guards."28


LANCE CARSON


              "Beginning about that time, 1959," wrote Doyle, "Lance Carson started going through one of the wildest periods I've ever seen anybody go through. He refused to go back east to the military academy for his senior year, and he started acting up anywhere he could find an audience. He would go through a whole series of wild antics, rolling around on the ground and making bizarre sounds and faces, trying to see how silly he could get. His favorite trick was waving his bare ass at the world. After a surf movie at the Redondo High School Auditorium, while thousands of people were pouring out the doors, Lance stood at the bottom of the steps with his pants around his ankles, spreading his cheeks. After that his nickname became 'No Pants Lance.'"29
              "At first we though Lance was just trying to get us all to laugh," continued Mike Doyle, "but sooner or later he would push himself to the point that we wondered if he was going to lose control. He would punch his fist through a window or run out on the highway and see how close he could come to getting hit by a car. Another time Lance parked in front of Winchells Donuts and stood on the hood of his car with no pants on and a doughnut around his weenie, like a hood ornament. I thought it was beautiful -- a kind of performance art that made a mockery of people's fear of nudity.
              "Years later I think it embarrassed Lance to be remembered for the wild antics of his youth. But in some ways Lance was years ahead of his time. He appreciated bizarre and outrageous situations, and if he couldn't find them, he would create them. I think Lance might have been the first punker."30


Gidget: Kookdom's Boon, Fall 1959


              On November 5, 1959, Rich Chrysler accompanied Lance Carson to the El Miro Theatre in Santa Monica to see the Hollywood film that had caused a sudden interest in surfing by non-surfers. Gidget, the fictionalized life of the Gidget they knew from the beach, had OK stunt work by those they knew, but the plot stunk. "In a little over one year," wrote C.R. Stecyk, "this cinematic effort will change their surfing life forever more."31
              A maverick spirit like the kind a Lance Carson could show you -- combined with a commitment to having fun -- has always been an integral part of surfing, from ancient Polynesia to present day.
              In writing about the surfers who came out of World War II, Leonard Lueras, in his excellent Surfing, The Ultimate Pleasure, wrote that at least since the arrival of the missionaries to Hawai`i in the late 1770s, the word "Surfer" has always "suggested a natural bohemianism, an outlaw subculture that was daring, adventurous, sexy, and, if not exactly illegal, at least on occasion illicit. As important, these early veterans [of World War II] were tough, solid and tested -- tested by waves as much as war."32
              "And it was their nonconformist lifestyles," postulated Lueras, "that influenced a new generation of young Turks born around the time of Pearl Harbor and destined to become legends. To a real degree," further philosophised Lueras, "the California surfer of the late 40s and early 50s, with his baggies and huarache sandals, with his penchant for crazed 'surfaris' to Mexico in search of waves, this self-made product of the tumultuous California gestalt who believed in something with an integrity that few understood, was a forerunner of major social phenomena. His rise paralleled that of the beatniks, Kerouac's and Cassady's transcontinental methedrine marathons; and predated Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged, hippies, even Tim Leary's dictum to turn on, tune in, and drop out. Ahead of the curl and ahead of the pack."33
              "Very likely the surfer's significance in the early era," insightfully wrote Lueras, "has gone unrecognized because scholars of American history have always found it difficult to take seriously a subculture of mostly tanned, fit beach-dwellers who were noticeably free of existential angst, who pursued surf with great passion, and got laid a lot. They regarded surfers as having neither anything to say, nor the ability to say it... Surfers, it appeared, were relegated to California's flaky fringe... Finally, surfing's claim to historical legitimacy was torpedoed by Hollywood."34
              This subversion began with the first of many "beach movies, Gidget.


GIDGET, June 27,1956 35


              "By the summer of 1956 the surfing craze was in high gear," wrote Nat Young. "Surfers had built the two famous grass shacks at Malibu which appear in the Gidget films, one in the pit and another out on the point. The offshore santana winds blew regularly all that summer and there was a consistent glassy swell. It was a time when Dora could be seen flying across the face of a five-foot wall, executing a perfect 'el spontaneo' while the crowd on the beach went wild. Munoz might be next up with an immaculate Quasimodo, followed by Cooper with an 'el telephono' from point to the pit. And then came the first annual luau..."36
              "Probably it was the Gidget movies, books and magazines," suggested Young, "that did as much as anything to bring surfing to the masses. Malibu had become a prestige area, and many sons and daughters of the wealthy people who lived along the coast became involved in surfing... and the 'surfers' who went with it. At the time these included Dewey Weber, Mickey Munoz, Kemp Aaberg, Bob Cooper, Mike Doyle, Jim Fisher, Micky Dora, Johnny Fain, Tom Morey, Robert Patterson and 'Tubesteak,' who was the man responsible for naming Gidget. According to Tubesteak himself, about the last week in June 1956 he, Mickey Munoz and Micky Dora were standing on the incline above Malibu, checking out the waves, when a young surfer in a baby-blue ski parka pulled a new Velzy/Jacobs board from the rear of a Buick convertible and headed off down the path.
              "'Hey,' shouted Dora, hassling the new arrival. 'Go back to the valley, you kook!' shouted Munoz. The stranger got such a shock he stumbled and the board tumbled to the rocks below. Tubesteak told the others to shut up and went to help and discovered the new arrival was a girl. A very short girl!
              "'For Chrissake,' mumbled Tubesteak, 'it's a midget, a girl midget, a goddamn gidget!'
              "The girl was not amused. 'I'm not a gidget,' she yelled. 'My name is Kathryn -- and you can keep your filthy hands of me, you creep.'
              "Tubesteak laughed. 'Hey Gidget, see you around.'"37
              "That was a statement," wrote Young, "which was to mean more than Tubesteak thought."38
              "After a few dues-paying summers," according to Leonard Lueras, "Malibu's resident hotdoggers allowed little Kathy into their inner circle. They took her out tandem surfing, regaled her with surf stories, and even gave her a proper surfer's nickname."39


GIDGET, THE BOOK, 1957


              "In the evenings," continued Lueras, "after Kathy had returned home from daytime surfing adventures, she'd tell her family about her kookie Malibu friends and her role as the surfer girl named Gidget. Her father, Frederick 'Fritz' Kohner, an author, found his daughter's stories fascinating, so he dat down at his typewriter and whipped out a novel, Gidget, based on Kathy's beach experiences. Kohner's effort -- a first person narrative by Gidget, 'the little girl with the big ideas' -- was a best-selling success, and shortly thereafter he and Putnam Books sold the movie rights to Gidget to Columbia Pictures."40
              "Kathryn's father was a writer," echoed Young, "and he wrote a book about his daughter's summer adventure which became a bestseller. Columbia made the first of its Gidget movies, glamorizing the West Coast surfing life."41


SHOOTING THE FILM, 1958-59


              A few of the Malibu regulars made a little cash as surfing extras when the shooting for the film took place at Arroyo Seco, north of Trancas. It was the summer of 1958 when Mickey "Da Cat" Dora, Johnny "Bottom Turn" Fain and Mickey "Mongoose" Muñoz did their stunt riding for Gidget.42


GIDGET, THE MOVIE, 1959


              "With the highly-publicized screening of a first Gidget movie (1959)," described Lueras, "featuring chirp-chirp Sandra Dee in a frilly role opposite teen heart-throb James Darren, America's then preponderant youth culture -- of greasy hair, pegger pants and obliquely 'raked' cars -- got its first look at Southern California's sun-bleached surfing cult. Also, and some say unfortunately, the noble Hawaiian sport of surfing entered its most commercially successful, but cornball, era."43
              "... and suddenly," wrote Young, "everyone seemed to be going surfing. It was the 'in' thing to do."44
              "That first cutesy Gidget movie was such a success," Lueras wrote, "it spawned successor flicks -- Gidget Goes Hawaiian (1961) and Gidget Goes to Rome (1963) -- and a shortlived (1965-1966) ABC television series. Later Gidgets, Gidget Grows Up (1970) and Gidget Gets Married (1972), fidgeted their way into America's living rooms as television 'Specials,' but it was Kohner's novel, and Columbia's first two pastel and cream romances, that gave worlds beyond California and Hawaii their first distorted view of surfing."45


Elsewhere in California


              Turns out Mike Doyle didn't live on the beach collecting soft drink bottles. Instead, he both beat military enlistment and joined the lifeguard services:


BUZZY TRENT


              "One of the best things about being a lifeguard," wrote Doyle, "was that a lot of the older guys I'd idolized for years -- Buzzy Trent, Ricky Grigg, and Dave Rochlen -- also worked as lifeguards, and I got to see them almost every day.
              "Buzzy Trent, who was about nine years older than I, had a tight muscular body, with short arms and legs, a tiny waist and a big chest. He'd grown up in Santa Monica back in the Forties; he and Matt Kivlin used to ride their bikes to Malibu. But Buzzy had a real craving for adventure and at some point decided he had to have bigger thrills than California surfing could offer. He started spending his winters in Hawaii and became one of the great pioneers of surfing on the North Shore of Oahu."46
              "The Hawaiians who developed the modern style of surfing in the early part of this century, Duke Kahanamoku's generation, had spent most of their time at Waikiki. Some of them worked at the hotels as professional beachboys, taking rich tourists out on tandem boards and outrigger canoes. They were fantastic watermen, but they had kind of a cushy life there, living off their tips and hustling the tourist women. They didn't want to go over to the North Shore of Oahu, where the waves were so big and thunderous you couldn't even sleep at night.
              "The next generation of surfers, which included Hawaiians, as well as haoles (whites), had been terrific watermen too, and they rode some big waves at Makaha, on the west side of the island, but they didn't have the equipment and the madman mentality to go after the biggest waves they could find.
              "It was the California crazies in the Fifties who really pioneered big-wave surfing. They were the ones who discovered that a relatively short stretch (less than ten miles) of the North Shore was blessed with the biggest and best surf in the world: Sunset, Pipeline, Pupukea, Waimea, and Haleiwa. If the California crazies had anything in common it was a wild, restless, sometimes almost self-destructive energy. They had a bohemian lifestyle, some were hard drinkers -- always looking for that quick rush -- and they might have been considered misfits at any vocation other than riding big waves."47
              "But to me," Doyle confessed, "Buzzy Trent was a super-hero. I was thrilled just to know him, and every time I saw him I pumped him for information about the North Shore. 'What's Sunset like? When that big wave hits you, how long do you have to hold your breath?'
              "Buzzy would say something like, 'Listen, you've surfed at Swami's when the surf was twelve-foot, right? Well, wait'll you surf Sunset. It's ten times as powerful as that. It would kill most California surfers.'
              "It scared the hell out of me to hear Buzzy's stories, but at the same time I couldn't get enough of them."48


RICKY GRIGG


              "The other lifeguard I admired a lot was Ricky Grigg," Mike Doyle admitted. "Buzzy had taught Ricky how to surf at Malibu when he was just a kid. Ricky wasn't a big guy, about 160 pounds, but well built. He had blond hair that was already thinning and a great big smile. He always looked comfortable in the water, and was absolutely fearless. Ricky had already spent one winter surfing in Hawaii, and everytime I asked him about it he encouraged me to go to the North Shore and see it for myself."49


VELZY & JACOBS DISSOLVE


              The summer of 1959 not only meant an end to the Malibu that once was, but it also marked the end of the first great surfboard manufacturing partnerships: Velzy and Jacobs.
              "In 1959," Mike Doyle documented, "Dale Velzy and Hap Jacobs dissolved their partnership. They still kept the name Velzy & Jacobs on their surfboards, but Jacobs took over the shop in Venice, while Velzy moved his wife and family to San Clemente, about fifty miles south of L.A., and opened a new shop there.
              "I bought a 1957 Ranchero that summer, and to help pay for it I started running balsa wood blanks down to Velzy's shop twice a week."50
              "San Clemente was a sleepy little beach town then," continued Doyle, "but I liked it so much I started staying down there and shaping boards for Velzy when I wasn't lifeguarding. There were three other guys working for him, Kimo Hollinger, Duke Brown and my old friend Kemp Aaberg. We all slept in a big loft above the shop; we were like Velzy's guard dogs, keeping burglars away at night. The loft was about three feet deep in balsa shavings left over from shaping boards. Balsa comes off the planer clean and smooth, and it smells wonderful -- not like Styrofoam and fiberglass, which are itchy and smelly. So we just threw our sleeping bags down in those balsa chips and slept like we were in surf rat heaven.
              "Every morning at first light, we'd jump out of our bags, hop in a van, head to the doughnut shop for a quick breakfast, then hit Trestles at the crack of dawn. We'd surf the morning glass, then come back and work on surfboards during the middle part of the day. Later, we'd head back to Trestles for the evening glass. We didn't do anything except make surfboards and surf."51
              "Velzy didn't shape that many surfboards himself anymore; he just concentrated on keeping the materials coming in the shop on Monday and the finished boards going out on Friday. If there was an order for a racing board or a big tandem board -- something that caught his fancy -- he would shape it himself. But Velzy's real passion was cars. He always had a fast hot rod with a surfboard sticking out the back, or a sleek little Mercedes.
              "Velzy paid us by the piece. If you shaped a board you got $5, if you sanded a board you got $3, and so on. We had a clipboard hanging on the wall, and every time we finished a job, we'd put a check by our name. Every Friday Velzy would add up the check marks, pull a big roll of cash from his pocket, and peel off whatever he owed us. For Velzy every transaction was always in cash -- no checks, no bookkeeping, no bother.
              "We all thought Velzy was rich because he drove a Mercedes SL 300 gull wing and wore a big diamond ring. Anybody as slick as the Hawk had to be rich. But one day, late that summer, some guys in three-piece suits showed up at Velzy's shop. I didn't know who they were, but one of the other guys said they were from the IRS. I didn't even know what that meant. Whoever they were, they shut the place down and put a big lock on the door.
              "After that, Velzy's shop was finished. He took off for Montana, saying he was going to try his hand at gold mining. The Hawk always had an eye for striking it rich."52


The North Shore, 1959


              While surfing was changing forever in Southern California's -- especially at the 'Bu -- it was surfing as usual for the North Shore crew who remained largely unaffected by the rapidly rising popularity of surfing on the Mainland.


MIKE DOYLE'S 1ST TRIP TO THE NORTH SHORE


              "When that summer came to an end," Mike Doyle told Steve Sorensen, "I'd saved enough money to make my trip to Hawaii. Buzzy Trent, Ricky Grigg, and a few other California surfers had a place on the North Shore they rented every winter. They told me that if I flew to Honolulu, they would pick me up at the airport and let me stay at their place until I could get a place of my own. My plan was to spend all winter, and I was starting to get really excited about it. But at the same time, there was something scary about knowing my greatest dream was about to come true. If you put all your hopes into one thing and that one thing turns out not to be as wonderful as you'd thought, what do you do next?
              "Also, the thought occurred to me that until now surfing had mostly been just for fun. But in Hawaii, there would be a very real element of risk. Every now and then we would hear reports through the grapevine of big-wave riders on the North Shore drowning, and for the first time I began to understand why so many of the great California surfers never gave the North Shore a try, or if they did, they came back home and never tried it again."53
              "In September," continued Doyle, "I bought my ticket on USOA -- United States Overseas Airlines. The price was only $80 round trip but, as the saying goes, you get what you pay for. The rumor was that USOA stood for 'Use Some Other Airline.' Their only plane was a rickety old DC-6, and they treated the passengers worse than they treated the freight...
              "The plane was supposed to leave from the Lockheed terminal at the Burbank airport, but right after departure, one of the engines broke down. We had to wait at the YMCA in Burbank for two days while they pulled the engine out, repaired it, and got it back into the plane again.
              "When the plane was finally ready to fly, they cancelled the tickets for about three-fourths of the passengers because they needed the space for a load of Avon cosmetics bound for Honolulu. I was lucky to get a seat...
              "We landed at the Honolulu airport late that night... Buzzy Trent and Ricky Grigg were waiting for me... With them was Peter Cole, another Californian who now lived in Honolulu, where he taught at the Punahou prep school. He was thin, with a receding hairline, had a studious look, and was quieter than the others; but I knew he was a legendary big-wave rider. The winter before, 1958, he'd become the first haole to win the Makaha International, [then] the most important surf contest in the world."54
              "We grabbed my luggage and surfboard," continued Doyle, "and climbed in Peter's car. The war stories started immediately: 'You shoulda seen the wipeout Peter took at Sunset yesterday,' Buzzy said. 'God, it was horrible! We didn't think he was ever coming up again.'
              "... Buzzy and Ricky lived in an old army barracks Quonset hut just a few feet back from the high-tide line. The place had one big room in front, a kitchen and bath, and some small bedrooms in back. There was no furniture except a few old smelly mattresses thrown down on the floor. The kitchen was piled high with dirty dishes and trash. They had a big sack of beans, a big sack of rice, and several cases of beer. It was the only house of surfers on the whole North Shore, and the guys rented it for something like $75 a month."55
              "Buzzy welcomed me to their house by saying, 'Doyle, you want my wife for the night?' Buzzy's wife, Violet, was a Filipino who grew up in Hawaii. She looked soft and dark and, I thought, beautiful.
              "Buzzy didn't mean any harm -- it was just his idea of a joke. But I was so embarrassed, I just looked at the floor and pretended I didn't know what he was talking about.
              "'Ah, come on, Buzzy, lay off him,' Ricky said. 'He just got here.'
              "Well, then here, have a shooter,' Buzzy laughed, and handed me a glass of whiskey. 'Tomorrow we ride the big surf!'
              "Buzzy and the others stayed up late that night drinking whiskey, but I unrolled my sleeping bag on the floor and tried to sleep. I couldn't, though. The impact from the waves made the floor of the hut shake, and I kept thinking, What am I doing here with these madmen?"56


BANZAI PIPELINE FIRST RIDDEN (ACCIDENTALLY), SEPTEMBER 1959


              "I was relieved when dawn finally arrived," continued Mike Doyle in retelling the story of his first trip to the North Shore. "As soon as I heard the others stirring, I got up and went outside. Right in front of the Quonset hut was the most incredible shore break I'd ever seen -- eight-foot barrels crashing on a reef. It was the fastest, tightest wave I could imagine, and I just stood there staring at it.
              "When the others came out, they looked hung over. Buzzy scratched his belly, pointed at the shore break, and said, 'Well, this is it, Doyle. This is where we surf when Sunset's not breaking.'
              "I looked at the shore break again, then back at Buzzy. 'Are you serious?' I asked. The place looked like death to me.
              "'Yeah, some good lefts out there. Here, lemme show ya.' And he started pointing out the line-up. 'Now, you wanna paddle out right over there. It's a bit tight, sure, but get up on the nose right after takeoff, and you'll make it. We'll come out as soon as you get a coupla rides.'
              "I took my board and paddled out, thinking to myself, This is way out of my league."57
              Doyle ended-up riding the spot, successfully, on a couple of rides. "I rode three or four waves before I noticed that none of the others were coming out to join me. They were standing on the beach watching me. So I paddled back in, thinking maybe I was doing something wrong.
              "Buzzy said, 'Way to go, kid.'
              "Nobody else said a word.
              "I didn't find out until later I'd been surfing what they called the Banzai Pipeline. The bottom was shallow rock, with hollow caves where you could be trapped and drowned. It was considered [at that time] too dangerous to surf.
              "In later years a lot of surfers claimed to be the first to have ridden the Pipeline. I don't know who rode it first, and I don't really care. I do know, though, that I did ride it then, in September 1959. And it was only utter ignorance that made me do it."58


QUONSET HUT LIFE


              "Meanwhile," Mike Doyle told the story of the life lived in and out of the Quonset hut, "back at the Quonset hut, Buzzy and Violet fought constantly. They loved each other a lot, but they expressed their affection in a way that I wasn't able to understand. Sometimes after they'd been fighting for days, Buzzy would take Violet to her mother's house on the other side of the island and leave her there. When he got back to the North Shore, he'd say to the rest of us, 'Now, let's surf!'"59
              "The whole situation at the Quonset hut made me nervous," admitted Doyle. "But after a couple of weeks, I was joined by another group of friends from the mainland who were closer to my age: L.J. 'Little John' Richards, Mark Portrif, Adrien Esnard, and a few others. I put down a deposit, and we rented a house from the Kahuku Sugar Plantation, which owned six houses at Kawela Bay, just northeast of Sunset. The house we rented cost #300 a month. That was a lot of money in those days, but we split the rent among eight guys and became only the second house of surfers on the North Shore.
              "At first we all decided we would share the household expenses. We would go shopping together, cook our meals together, take turns washing the dishes, clean house together, and so on. That plan lasted about three days. There were constant arguments: Who took my bowl? Who got in my peanut butter? Who's turn was it to wash dishes last night? The house was a filthy mess, and nobody ever washed a dish. So we changed the rules: Everybody bought his own food, everybody put a lock on his own cupboard to keep the other guys out, and everybody washed his own dishes."60
              "There were no girls on the North Shore at that time," continued Doyle, "except for a couple of local Hawaiian girls, and they were off limits. If you messed with a Hawaiian girl, her big brother stomped your face. We didn't care about girls, though. We were dedicated surfers, there to ride the waves. If it had been girls we wanted, we'd have stayed in California. Too many times back home we'd seen one of our friends meet a girl, then the next morning he wouldn't answer the wake-up call. He couldn't go surfing because he had a new girlfriend. We felt sorry for him. None of that here -- our time on the North Shore was too precious to waste on girls."61
              Mike Doyle entered the Makaha International that December, but lost his board in the preliminaries and ended up not even qualifying.62
              Living not far away from him, also living at Kawela Bay, was Bud Browne, surfing's first commercial film maker. After five or six years actively making surf films and personally showing them, he was joined in the ranks by Greg Noll and John Severson. "He'd been a high school art teacher at San Juan Capistrano but had just recently started making surf films," recalled Doyle who met him that winter on the North Shore. "He was a very creative person, and kind of nervous. I remember he had large hands and feet, was kind of stooped in the shoulders, and he always had a great tan.
              "Like Bud Browne, Severson followed our little band of surfers around the North Shore, taking photos of us all. He told us late that winter that he was going to start a glossy surf magazine, and we were all pretty excited about that because there had never been a magazine about surfing before."63

  

The Older California Guys on the North Shore


              With more and more newer Californians showing up on the scene, other Californian veterans like Buzzy Trent continued to ride to excellence with the locals.
              Peter Cole, surfer, teacher and mathematician recalled -- in addition to Buzzy -- Greg Noll, Jose Angel, Kit Horn, his brother Corny Cole, Buffalo Keaulana and Henry Preece on the North Shore at this time:
              "Greg has to have the most guts of anyone I've ever known. He'd fly in from California and head right for Waimea that same day. The biggest wave I've ever seen anyone take off on was at Waimea, and Greg was the one going for it. He had just flown in from California and had started hyperventilating like he always did in big surf. There was a huge wave coming and you could see there was no way he could get down more than a third of it, but he went for it anyway. I swear, he took off with his eyes shut. I asked Greg about it afterward and he said, 'You don't think I'd take off on a wave like that with my eyes open, do you?' I've been telling that story for years."64
              "I have more fun now than I ever had, surfing Sunset Beach with my son, Peter junior. I've really gotten conservative in my older years. I guess the kids out there today feel sorry for me -- they give me waves. Greg never gave me a wave in his life!"65
              "Greg, Jose Angel and I had a friendly competition going. Greg and Jose were always jockeying fot the inside position. You'd see them at Waimea, coming from way the other side of the point, streaking all the way across a wave. On some days, Greg would sit right in the middle of the rest of us. But on other days, his sixth sense told him there was a bigger wave out there. He'd paddle way outside and wait for it. I'd hear him start to hyperventilate. That was my cue that a big one was coming, so I'd paddle out and join him. Greg was my lineup."66
              "I started surfing in Santa Cruz in the fifties," Peter Cole explained. "Kit Horn, Buzzy Trent and I were in grammar school together and they got me started surfing. I watched Buzzy for years. He beat me up about twenty times. I had an identical twin brother, Corny -- Buzzy beat up both of us. What got me to the Islands was seeing surf movies of Greg, Buffalo and Henry [Preece] coming down the face of a perfect twelve-foot wave at Haleiwa, then he turns around backwards on the board and throws the wave a kiss. I thought, 'That's it. That's where I'm going.' I've been here ever since."67


PRANKS


              Dick Metz, surfer and founder of the Hobie Sports stores, recalled the pranks played on the North Shore:
              "Greg was such a prankster. He loved to incite insurrections and then stand back in the corner and giggle while he watched the outcome.
              "One of Greg's little games is to thump you on the head with his finger cocked like you would to shoot a marble. It hurts, especially if you aren't expecting it. One time, he and Pat Curren met for breakfast at the Stuffed T-Shirt in Newport Beach, a little back-street diner we all liked. They were sitting at the counter, eating breakfast. Pat's a man of very few words. Rarely looks you in the eye when he talks to you. So, he's sitting there, quietly eating his breakfast, with Greg on one side of him and a big gnarly-looking fisherman sitting on the other side. Greg reaches around behind Pat and thumps this fisherman on the head. The fisherman jumps, looks around, can't see anyone else near enough to have done it, so he lights into Pat.
              "Pat hits the floor with the fisherman on top of him, ready to pound him into the ground. Greg is getting a big kick out of this, but finally decides to help out his buddy and pulls the fisherman off Pat. Exit fisherman. Greg helps Pat to his feet. Pat watches the fisherman leave, then turns back to the counter, shaking himself off and mumbling, 'Gee, I wonder what got into that guy.'
              "Greg felt so guilty that he let years go by before he ever told Pat that he was the one who thumped the fisherman."68
              Greg Noll wrote about pranks played with Jose Angel, Ricky Grigg, Peter Cole, Buzzy Trent and George Downing, circa 1959:
              "For quite some time, life for many of us was nothing more than trying to out-prank the other guy. Surfing wasn't big business. It was just pursuit of fun. We didn't take each other or ourselves very seriously. I got a real kick out of competing with other guys such as Jose Angel, Ricky Grigg, Peter Cole, Buzzy Trent and George Downing. They all were such interesting individuals. I would try to do goofy little things to catch them off-guard when we were in the water."69
              "Jose Angel," continued Noll, "who was probably the gutsiest of us all, was kind of a quiet guy. Didn't shout, scream or strut for the cameras. He took his surfing seriously. He loved the sport and the competition among the guys. One time, he and I were surfing at Laniakea. It was my last day in the Islands that season, and I had a plane to catch at one o'clock. I had it timed out so that I could stay in the water until the very last minute, then hurry in and change, drive to the airport and catch the flight.
              "This giant wave came towards us. I knew I couldn't make it. It was a terrifying deal, but I couldn't resist it. I turned to Jose and calmly said, 'See you next year, Jose,' took about four strokes and disappeared down the front of this ridiculous wave. Somehow or other, I got down the face and, instead of losing my board like I thought I would, I smoked out in front of the wave just as it hit a deep spot and backed up into the whitewater. I came flying out of the soup and belly-slid in the rest of the way.
              "The next year, as soon as I saw Jose, he said, 'What ever happened to you on that wave?' It had worked on him all year long, just like I had hoped it would. I always liked to leave him with something to screw up his mind. He couldn't believe that I would take off so late on a wave like that, and he knew the odds were way against my hanging on to my board. He said, 'I was waiting for your board to pop up and I never saw it. Then I saw you walking up the beach.'"70


ENDIT

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––



1   Young, Nat. History of Surfing, ©1983, 1987, p. 90.
2   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 90.
3   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 90.
4   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 90.
5   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 90.
6   Young, 1983, 1987, pp. 90-91.
7   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 90.
8   Doyle, Mike. Morning Glass, The Adventures of Legendary Waterman Mike Doyle, ©1993 by Mike Doyle and Steve Sorensen, Manzanita Press, PO Box 720, Three Rivers, California 93271, pp. 38-39.
9   Doyle, 1993, p. 42. Circa 1958-59.
10   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 84.
11   Doyle, 1993, pp. 42-43.
12   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 84.
13   Doyle, 1993, p. 43.
14   Doyle, 1993, p. 43.
15   Doyle, 1993, pp. 43-44.
16   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 84.
17   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 84.
18   Young, 1983, 1987, pp. 84-85. If Doyle was with Severson, this must have been in 1960 or later, as Doyle didn't meet Severson until both were on the North Shore for the winter surf season, 1959-60.
19   Doyle, 1993, pp. 37-38.
20   Doyle, 1993, p. 38.
21   Doyle, 1993, p. 38.
22   Young, 1983, 1987, pp. 83-84.
23   Doyle, 1993, pp. 40-41.
24   Doyle, 1993, pp. 43-44.
25   Doyle, 1993, pp. 45-46.
26   Doyle, 1993, pp. 49-50.
27   The Surfer's Journal, Volume 1, Number 3. C.R. Stecyk notations. ‑
28   The Surfer's Journal, Volume 1, Number 3. C.R. Stecyk notations. ‑
29   Doyle, 1993, pp. 46-47.
30   Doyle, 1993, p. 47.
31   The Surfer's Journal, Volume 1, Number 3, p. 52. C.R. Stecyk notations. ‑
32   Lueras, Leonard. Surfing, The Ultimate Pleasure, ©1984, designed by Fred Bechlen, Emphasis International, Honolulu; Workman Publishing, New York, p. 23.
33   Lueras, 1984, p. 23. See Jack Keouac's classic, On The Road, Desolation Angels and Dharma Bums.
34   Lueras, 1984, p. 23.
35   The Surfer's Jounrnal, Volume 1, Number 3, C.R. Stecyk, p. 42.
36   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 83.
37   Young, 1983, 1987, p. 82. Terry "Tubesteak" Tracey's recollection. See also C.R. Stecyk's version in The Surfer's Journal, Volume 1, Number 3, p. 42. He pin-points the event as June 27, 1956, but has Gidget's board as "an oversized beater balsa board."
38   Young, 1983, p. 83. According to Kathy Zuckerman, in a 1981 interview with New West magazine, she was considered short because she was only 5 feet tall. See also Lueras, 1984, p. 124.
39   Lueras, 1984, p. 124.
40   Lueras, 1984, p. 124. See Kohner, Frederick, Gidget, ©1957, Putnam Books, New York.
41   Young, 1983, p. 83.
42   Lueras, 1984, p. 124. May have been summer 1959.
43   Lueras, 1984, p. 124.
44   Young, 1983, p. 83.
45   Lueras, 1984, p. 124. Sally Fields played the part of the television Gidget.
46   Doyle, 1993, pp. 57-58.
47   Doyle, 1993, p. 58.
48   Doyle, 1993, p. 58.
49   Doyle, 1993, pp. 58-59.
50   Doyle, 1993, p. 62. See also Gault-Williams, "Dale Velzy" in Volume 1 of LEGENDARY SURFERS.
51   Doyle, 1993, pp. 62-63.
52   Doyle, 1993, p. 63. See also Gault-Williams, "Dale Velzy" in Volume 1 of LEGENDARY SURFERS.
53   Doyle, 1993, p. 65.
54   Doyle, 1993, pp. 66-67.
55   Doyle, 1993, pp. 67-68. Doyle gives the location of the Quonset hut as in front of the Banzai Pipeline.
56   Doyle, 1993, p. 68.
57   Doyle, 1993, pp. 68-69.
58   Doyle, 1993, p. 69. Phil Edwards is generally considered the first stand-up surfer to ride the Pipeline. He was certainly the first filmed riding it.
59   Doyle, 1993, pp. 73-74.
60   Doyle, 1993, p. 74.
61   Doyle, 1993, p. 74.
62   Doyle, 1993, p. 75.
63   Doyle, 1993, p. 76.
64   Noll, 1989, p. 106. Peter Cole.
65   Noll, 1989, p. 106. Peter Cole.
66   Noll, 1989, p. 106. Peter Cole.
67   Noll, 1989, p. 106. Peter Cole.
68   Noll, 1989, pp. 107-108. Dick Metz.
69   Noll, 1989, p. 104.
70   Noll, 1989, pp. 104-105.